Hue angle of the leaves was affected by both the cycle and storage time, and chromaticity and lightness were affected by the three factors (cycle, aeration, and storage time). The nitrate, oxalate, Ca 2+, K + contents, and microbial populations were affected by both the cycle and the aeration conditions. Several adventitious roots developed exogenously from the watercress stem at the nodes as a morphological adaptation to oxygen depletion, particularly in NA conditions. The absence of aeration increased the antioxidant capacity and vitamin C content in both cycles. In the spring cycle, the plants had significantly higher yield and antioxidant capacity and lower specific leaf area, total root length, root diameter, length of 0 to 0.5 mm diameter root, and oxalate content than in the winter cycle. The growing cycles lasted 25 days in spring and 39 days in winter. winter) and nutrient solution aeration on yield, quality, and on shelf life as a fresh-cut product of watercress grown in a floating system. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00067-1.The objective of this research was to study the effects of growing cycle (spring vs. Evaluation of copper availability to plants in copper-contaminated vineyard soils. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Copper and iron homeostasis in plants: The challenges of oxidative stress. Copper-induced intra-specific oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in strains of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus with different pollution histories. Saez C.A., Roncarati F., Moenne A., Moody A.J., Brown M.T. Heavy metal contamination of soils: Sources, indicators and assessment. He Z., Shentu J., Yang X., Baligar V.C., Zhang T., Stoffella P.J. IAA application could be used as an alternative strategy for reducing Cu accumulation in vegetable crops and for remediating Cu-contaminated soil, in turn reducing the hazardous effects of heavy metal contamination on human health and the environment.Īntioxidant enzyme activity copper stress indole-3-acetic acid nitrogen metabolism spinach seedlings. The findings indicated that the application of IAA reduced Cu accumulation, alleviated Cu toxicity, and enhanced Cu tolerance in spinach seedlings. Notably, lower concentrations of IAA (10-40 mg L -1) increased the Cu concentrations in roots and reduced the Cu concentrations in leaves, while higher concentrations of IAA (50 mg L -1) reduced the Cu concentrations in both roots and leaves to the lowest levels. Exogenous IAA treatment also increased the levels of nitrogen (N) assimilation compounds and the activities of N-metabolizing enzymes, but reduced NH 4 + content. Exogenous IAA treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Cu-stressed seedlings and increased biomass, proline content, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In this paper, spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings were cultivated in soil containing 700 mg kg -1 Cu and the leaves of seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of IAA. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a potential mediator in the protection of plants from copper (Cu) toxicity and the enhancement of Cu tolerance.
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